Molar Pregnancy:
Molar pregnancy is a serious disease in which the fetus does not develop properly due to Changement in the chromosomes. There are two types of Molar pregnancy that are given below:
- Complete molar pregnancy
- Partial molar pregnancy
Complete molar pregnancy:
In the complete molar pregnancy the egg is fertilized by the father only and all the chromosomes 46 are contributed by the father only and the chromosomes of the mother do not participate, father’s chromosomes are duplicated, and that fertilizes the empty egg. Thus egg could not grow properly and the placenta develop abnormally just like fluid-filled cysts. This causes a spontaneous miscarriage of the fetus. Those cysts appear just like grapes.
Partial Molar Pregnancy:
In the partial molar pregnancy, the father contributes 46 chromosomes and the mother contributes 23 chromosomes that they make 69 chromosomes that change the cell functions. This happened when two sperm fertilize one egg. They both contribute their chromosomes. Thus abnormal tissue of the placenta forms and the fetus do not grow properly and cause the miscarriage of the fetus. In these females, abnormal villous enlargement occurs.
Chances of occurrence:
There is approximately 1 woman out of 1000 women is diagnosed with spontaneous miscarriage due to molar pregnancy. If someone is with molar pregnancy then it may have another molar pregnancy. The ratio of a repeat of such cases is 1 out of 100. The ratio of molar pregnancy is common in the females younger than 20 and those older than 35 of age.
Treatment:
|
|
Complete Mole |
Partial Mole |
|
Clinical |
Spontaneous miscarriage Abnormal villous enlargement Hcg level high |
Spontaneous miscarriage Abnormal villous enlargement Hcg level high |
|
Gross |
Delicate Friable mass of thin-walled Translucent Cyst Grape like Hydropic villi |
Fraction of villi enlarge and edematous Trophoblastic hyperplasia
|
|
Microscopy |
Abnormal enlarge of all or some tissues villous Chorionic villi are enlarged cisternae Extensive trophoblastic proliferation
|
Fraction of villi enlarge and edematous Trophoblastic hyperplasia
|
|
Fetal Parts |
absent |
Present swiss chese appearance |
|
P57 staining in cytotrophoblast |
absent |
positive |
|
Treatment |
Removal by curretage |
Removal by curretage |
References:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/molar-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20375175
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17889-molar-pregnancy
https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/complications/molar-pregnancy.aspx
https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/pregnancy-and-birth/pregnancy-problems/early-pregnancy-problems/hydatidiform-mole
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279094/
https://www.webmd.com/baby/what-is-molar-pregnancy
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